管理資訊系統

The three enablers of the third era, 1) convening, 2) cognitive diversity and 3) transparency.

1. Convening(召開)
   Convening is the skill and practice of bringing groups together to develop understanding of complex issues, create new knowledge and spur innovation. It is about: designing meetings as conversations rather than presentations • identifying who needs to be in the conversation, including those who do the work and are impacted by it • framing the question in a way that opens thinking • arranging the space to facilitate conversation • using small groups as the unit of learning.
2. Cognitive Diversity(認知多樣性)
   Cognitive diversity brings people trained in different heuristics, problem solving strategies, interpretations, and perspectives into the room. Cognitive diversity can be found in different parts of the organization (e.g. marketing, finance, engineering), in different disciplines (e.g. biology, neuroscience, archeology), or outside the organization (e.g. suppliers, customers, consultants, academicians, alliances).
3. Transparency(透明)
   It is about management providing all the available information and data on an issue so that those convened have what they need to do the work of sensemaking. Organizational members also have a role in transparency, that is, to be open about what is happening at their level, rather than hiding or discounting bad news to appease management – to bring the best available knowledge to bear on organizational issues